DB08-000123-01
September 2001
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Rev. B
Copyright 2000, 2001 by LSI Logic Corporation. All rights reserved.
CW001102
ARM966E-S
Microprocessor Core
Preliminary Datasheet
The CW001102 ARM966E-S core integrates the ARM9E-S 32-bit
processor, an instruction RAM, a data RAM, a write buffer, and an AHB
bus interface. The CW001102 supports both the 32-bit ARM and 16-bit
Thumb instruction sets, allowing you to trade off between high
performance and high code density. Additionally the CW001102 supports
the ARM9E instruction extensions. It provides an enhanced multiplier for
increased DSP performance. The CW001102 core is developed using
LSI Logic's G12
-l low-power process.
Figure 1
CW001102 Block Diagram
AHB Bus
Interface Unit
and
Write Buffer
Instruction
SRAM
Dout
Addr
Din
Data
SRAM
Dout
Addr
Din
System
Control
Coprocessor
(CP15)
External
Coprocessor
Interface
IA
ARM9E-S
INSTR
RDATA
DA
WDATA
System
Controller
ETM
Interface
Core
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CW001102 ARM966E-S Microprocessor Core
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September 2001 - Rev. B
Copyright 2000, 2001 by LSI Logic Corporation. All rights reserved.
The AHB bus interface eases connection to cached and SRAM-based
memory systems.
The CW001102 supports the ARM debug architecture and includes logic
to assist in both hardware and software debug. It supports non-stopping
hardware debug, which allows critical exception handlers to execute
while debugging the system. The CW001102 provides real-time trace
and supports external coprocessors.
Features
This section lists the key features of the CW001102 microprocessor core:
ARM9E-S processor core
Instruction and Data RAMs with independent sizes up to 512 Kbytes
DMA Interface to Data RAM
ARM Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) interface unit with
Write Buffer
16-word Write Buffer depth at up to four addresses
Burst transfer generation
Support for split transactions
External coprocessor interface
System controller arbitrates between instruction and data memories
and AHB
Optional embedded trace module (ETM) provides real-time trace
capability
G12-l low-power process
0.18-micron drawn gate length (0.13 effective channel length)
System clock operates at 125 MHz tested under worst-case
conditions, 1.62 V, 115
C
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DB08-000123-01
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Copyright 2000, 2001 by LSI Logic Corporation. All rights reserved.
Functional Description
This section briefly describes the main functional blocks of the
CW001102.
ARM9E-S Processor Core
The ARM9E-S processor core has a Harvard bus architecture with
separate instruction and data interfaces. This design allows concurrent
instruction and data accesses, and greatly reduces the cycles per
instruction of the processor. For optimal performance, single cycle
memory accesses for both interfaces are required, although the core can
be stalled for non-sequential accesses, or slower memory systems.
The processor is implemented using a 5-stage pipeline:
Instruction Fetch (F)
Instruction Decode (D)
Execute (E)
Data Memory Access (M)
Register Write (W)
ARM implementations are fully interlocked, so that software functions
identically across different implementations without concern for pipeline
effects.
System Controller
The system controller oversees the interactions between the Instruction
RAM, Data RAM, and the Bus Interface Unit. It controls internal
arbitration between the blocks and stalls the appropriate blocks when
required.
CP15 System Control Coprocessor
The processor core uses a set of registers in the CP15 Coprocessor to
control the functionality of the RAMs and the Write Buffer. These
registers are accessed using the coprocessor instructions MCR and
MRC.
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CW001102 ARM966E-S Microprocessor Core
DB08-000123-01
September 2001 - Rev. B
Copyright 2000, 2001 by LSI Logic Corporation. All rights reserved.
Address Decoders
The address decoders determine whether a memory request accesses
the internal RAM or the AHB interface. The address decoders provide a
hit/miss indication to the system controller, which then either stalls the
core if an AHB read or unbuffered write access is required or allows
execution to continue if the access hits the RAM or is a buffered write.
Instruction and Data RAMs
The CW001102 incorporates internal instruction and data memories to
allow high-speed operation without incurring the performance penalties
of accessing the system bus. Typically, the CW001102 offers lower power
solutions than cached alternatives because memory is segmented to
conserve power. The Instruction and Data RAMs each consist of blocks
of ASIC library compiled RAM. Logically, the RAM sizes can be of any
size up to 64 Mbytes, but the practical limit is approximately 512 Kbytes
for the G12 technology. The instruction and data memories can have
unique sizes.
DMA Interface
The Direct Memory Access (DMA) interface provides an external device
with direct access to the CW001102 Data RAM. When a single-port Data
RAM is used, the DMA interface stalls the CW001102 microprocessor
core during the DMA transfer. When a dual-port Data RAM is used, the
DMA interface does not stall the CW001102 during the DMA transfer.
AHB Interface Unit and Write Buffer
The AHB (Advanced High-performance Bus) is a new generation of
AMBA bus, which meets the requirements of high-performance
synthesizable designs. The AHB Interface Unit arbitrates between
external bus transaction sources within the CW001102. It stalls all other
accesses until the current request completes. The AHB Interface Unit
supports the following types of transactions: burst transfers, split
transactions, single-cycle bus master handovers, single clock edge
operations, and non-3-state implementations.
The Write Buffer is a 12-entry FIFO. It increases system performance.
CW001102 ARM966E-S Microprocessor Core
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Copyright 2000, 2001 by LSI Logic Corporation. All rights reserved.
External Coprocessor Interface
The CW001102 supports the connection of coprocessors via the external
coprocessor interface. All types of ARM coprocessor instructions are
supported. Coprocessors determine the instructions they need to
execute using a pipeline follower in the coprocessor.
JTAG and Debug Port
The CW001102 debug interface is based on IEEE Std. 1149.1-1990. It
allows the processor core to be stopped on a given instruction fetch
(breakpoint), data access (watchpoint), or external debug request. The
JTAG-style serial interface allows instructions to be serially inserted into
the pipeline of the core without using the external data bus.
Embedded Trace Module Interface
This interface connects to an external Embedded Trace Module (ETM).
The ETM provides a high-speed port for tracing of the processor core in
real time.
Enhanced Instruction Set Summary
Table 1
lists the instruction enhancements made to the ARM9E-S
instruction set. The ARM9E extensions improve the ARM architecture's
performance in signal processing algorithms.
Table 1
ARM9E Instruction Set Summary
Instruction
Description
Instruction
Description
CLZ
Count Leading Zeros
QADD
Saturating Add
QDADD
Saturated Double Rn and Saturated
Add
QDSUB
Saturated Double Rn and Saturated
Subtract
QSUB
Saturating Subtract
SMLAxy
Signed Integer Multiply-Accumulate
SMLALxy
Signed Multiply-Accumulate
SMLAWy
Signed Integer Multiply-Accumulate
SMULxy
Signed Integer Multiply
SMULWy
Signed Integer Multiply
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